Measurement and interpretation of central venous pressure: a narrative review (Anaesthesia)

這一篇整理文章為我們整理的CVP所該知道的知識，
CVP的值雖然臨床常在使用，
但是數值的本身可能受很多因素影響，
搭配圖形的分析，
甚至是Doppler waveform analysis或許可以有更好的臨床應用。

CVP的值會受到上游、下游和外部因素影響

CVP圖形對照EKG波形和時期的對照圖

“The CVP waveform is generated by transmitted intraluminal pressure, plotted over time and varying with changes in the cardiac cycle and respiration.

A typical CVP wave is split into a-, c- and v-waves with x- and y-descents interspersed between them.

In health, the a-wave is generated by the contraction of the atrium at the end of diastole and the c-wave is caused by the bulging of the tricuspid valve into the atrium during isovolumetric right ventricular contraction. The x-descent represents the emptying of the right ventricle during which the right atrium is distracted downward, increasing the chamber volume and decreasing pressure. The subsequent v-wave is caused by atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve and the y-descent is caused by the opening of the tricuspid valve at the onset of diastole”