Basic & essential views for cardiac echo & important pathologies
重要必熟練介面
Parasternal long axis view (PSLA)
E-point septal separation (EPSS)
EPSS to FS: fraction shortening
PSLA to RVIT
Parasternal short axis view (PSSA)- papillary muscle level
Parasternal short axis view (PSSA)- mitral valve level
Parasternal short axis view (PSSA)- aortic valve level
Apical 4/5 chamber
MAPSE: mitral annular plane systolic excursion
TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
MV inflow: E/A ratio
Auto velocity time integral (VTI)
Subcostal 4 chamber to IVC
Subcostal 2 chamber view
Subcostal long axis: aorta tilt to IVC
IVC with respiratory variation
Suprasternal appraoch: flap